A
drain
field is the part of a septic system that processes
and cleans the wastewater from a septic tank before
it is returned to the earth. This process is known as
soil absorption. Drain
field trenches effectively treat liquid flowing from
the septic tank. A drainfield trench is generally 18
to 36 inches wide and up to 100 feet long. The trench
contains a perforated pipe in a bed of 3/4-inch to 2-inch
diameter rock covered by natural or synthetic permeable
fibers. Some soil treatment systems use large plastic
tubing or some other chamber wrapped with fabric in
the trench in place of rock. A 6- to 12-inch deep layer
of topsoil covers the trench. Sewage flows through the
holes in the distribution pipe, to the rock (or tube),
through the biomat, and into the soil. Bacteria and
fine sewage solids are removed or destroyed in this
process.
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